Metal-working tool.



4 SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented May 9, 1916.

H. K. SPENCER.

METAL WORKING TOOL.

APPL1CA1|0N HLED SEPL21, 1911.

Llll.

H. K. SPENCER.

METAL WORKING TOOL.

APPLICAHON FILED $5121.21, 1911.

Patented May 9, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2 Lwzm.

H. K. SPENCER.

METAL WORKING TOOL.

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METAL WORKING TOOL.

APPL1CA110N HLED sEP1.21, 1911.

Patented May 9, 1916.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

"1.17:: K. SPENCER, 0F DOBCHESTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOE T0 TH BLANCHARD CHINE COMP r A `METAL-W01; 1. ma, from;

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 1916.

Application led September 21,1911. Serial No. 650,563.

To all 'whom z't may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY K. SPENCER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Dorchester, county of Suffolk, State of Massachusetts, (whose post-oiiice address is 21 Nottingham street, Dorchester, Massachusetts,) have invented an Improvement 1n Metal-Working Tools, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like characters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to metal working tools and more particularly, though not eX- clusively, to grinding machines, the invention being herein illustrated by embodiment in a vertical surface grinding machine.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description when taken in connection with the accompanying illustration of one specific embodiment thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings: Figure 1 is a side elevation partly in section showing a grinding machine embodying one form of the invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view partly in section of one of the three supports for the grinder column; Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation taken through the support shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a plan view of the grinding machine shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional elevation on an enlarged scale showing the grinding cylinder and its spindle and support; Fig. 6 is an elevation partly in section showing the gage and its support; Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation on an enlarged scale showing the connection of the gage tool to its supporting arm; and Fig. 8 is a sectional elevation taken through the .contact button of the gage.

While certain features of the present invention have application to metal working machines other than grinding machines and grinding machines other than vertical surface grinders, herein there is shown for illustrative purposes a vertical surface grinder having the base 1 provided with a column 2 which latter supports the vertically adjustable grinding wheel or cylinder 3 for rotation about a vertical axis in suitable relation to a Work support or holder 4. Means are provided for effecting relative movement between the work carried by thepwork holder and the grinding wheel in addition to the rotary movement of the latter. Such relative movement may be provided in'any deslred way, but herein for that purpose the work holder is movable, being in the illustrated form of machine circular in form and rotatable about a central axis or bearing.

Any suitable form of work support or tablemay be employed, but herein the holder 2.1 1s in the form of a magnetic chuck having the concentric coils 5 separated by the concentric rings 6 of magnetic material, the latter being spaced by the concentric rings 7 of brass or other non-magnetic material. rl`he surface of the chuck or holder is flat so that when current is directed through successive coils in alternately opposite directions, the successive magnetic rings become alternately north and south poles and exert a heavy gripping force upon the pieces of work which are laid upon the table and the upper faces of which are required to be ground. Usual means may be employed for controlling the current and leading it to the coils, the 4illustration of such devices being herein omitted for the sake of simplicity.

The Work holder is shown in Fig. 1 in the position normally occupied during the operation of the machine, during which operation the work carried by the holder is moved through a circular path, bringing it alternately under thel grinding wheel and out at the front thereof. To move the work holder entirely out from under the grinding cylinder, the former is rotatably mounted in the bearing 8 upon the movable Workholder supporting-carriage or work support 9, the latter mounted Vto slide along the guideways 10 upon the base 1 so that the holder can be brought out from under the grinder or adjustably xed with relation thereto. To movethe carriage, the latter is provided with the rack 11 with which meshes the pinion 12, the latter carried by a horizontal shaft 13 journaled in the base and provided with the hand wheel 14 by turning which the operator can move the work table in or out. To rotate the Work table 4, the latter has secured thereto the large gear 15 meshing with the pinion 16 driven by the bevel gear 17. The latter in turn is turned by the :bevel gear 18 which is journaled in a bracket supported by the carriage 9, the gear 18 being splined upon the horizontal driving shaft 19 so that the work holder may be turned in any position of the carriage. The shaft 19 is provided with a driving pulley 20 driven from any suitable source of power.

In machines of this\ class it has heretofore been necessary for the operator to stop the movement of the work from time to time to gage the Work so as to ascertain when the required amount of metal has been removed. In the present machine I have provided gaging means applicable to the work during the movement thereof so that the operation of the machine can continue without interruption While the operator is apprised at all times of the exact condition of the work. Such gaging means may be embodied in various forms, but herein there is provided a gage 21 having a work contact member 22 carried by an arm'23/Which latter is pivotally supported upon/the carriage 9 at one side of the rotary table so that the gage can be swung over the table and the contact member /applied to the ground surface of any piece of Work thereon as the latter emerges from under the grinding cylinder.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 6 to 8, I have herein utilized a common and well known form of machinists micrometer gage head 21 having the scale 24 and indicator 25 provided with the contact pin 26, pressure on which causes the movement of the pointer about the scale. The gage stem is clamped in a socket clamp 27 in contact with the end of a vertical actuating rod 28. The clamp 27 is held in the upper end of the gage tube 29 andthe rod 28 passes through the tube and through a head or plug 30 in the lower end thereof,l the rod having a collar 31 which 'normally seats against the plug under pressure of the light spring 32 located between the socket 27 and another collar or projection on the upper end of the rod.

Contacting with the lower projecting end of the actuating rod 28 is the rounded tip of the contact member or button 22 which latter is supported in operative relation thereto by means of the bent spring 33 fastened to a lug on the head 30, .the spring 33, however,'being very Weak and acting 'as a hinge merely to permit a free'up'and down movement of the contact button 22. The lower face of the button is beveled and terminates in a rounded tip so that when the gage is held over the work table the contact vof the moving work with' the button will wedge or crowd the latter up without undue shock. y

To adapt the gage to high or low pieces of. work upon the holder, the entire gage tube 29 can be freed from the arm and slid up or down at will. For this urpose the gage tube (see Fig. 7) is held c amped in a clamping sleeve 34, the upper end of which is split and provided with the externally threaded tapered portion 35, which latter is engaged by the internally threadedy clamping nut 36. When the nut is screweddown the split tapered portion of the sleeve is clamped about the gage tube and holds the same fixed therein. When the nut is unscrewed the gage tube is freed and'. can be slid up or down at will.

The gage may be used by first adjusting it with reference to a standardized piece of work placed upon the work holder and subsequently noting the measured deviation from the standard piece as the gage is applied to the moving Work actually undergoing the grinding operation. To obtain the final 'vertical adjustment of the contact button with reference to the standard piece of wonk, after the usual adjustment has been secured by vertically adjusting the gage tool as described, the sleeve 34 is herein so constructed that it can be raised or lowered in the holding arm 23 by finely graduated amounts. For this' purpose the sleeve is provided with the rack teeth 37 meshing with the pinion 38, the latter incased in the portion of the arm '23 which surrounds the i sleeve and fixed to the adjusting wheel 39. When the sleeve is adjusted it is clamped in fixed position by means of the clamping screw 40 and handlef 41 which clamps the split end of the arnr23 about the sleeve.

The opposite endof the arm 23 is secured to the upright support 42 being also split and clamped thereto by the clamping handle 43 to permit of further vertical adjustment of the -gage when required. The lower and of the upright support 42 is fixed in the base 44 which comprises a shell mounted to turn upon the upright pivot 45, the latter having a flange 46 bolted to the carriage 9. The flange has a central ball support 47 and three clamping bolts 48 so that by adjusting the clamping bolts in the first instance, the axis of the pivot 45 can be accurately fixed to-swing the contact button through a plane exactly parallel With the plane of the work holder. To bring the swinging movement of the shell always in the same plane, the vertical position of the shell on its pivot is located by means of the screw 49 which rests with a substantially point contact against the ball 50 seated in the top of the pivot 45. A set screw 51, the rounded point of which seats in a groove 52 in the upper end of the pivot, prevents displacement of the shell after it has been psitioned. Means for preventing the entrance of dirt within the shell is provided by means of the ring 53, of felt or other suitable material.

In making use of the gage a piece of standard thickness is first placed upon the work table andv the gage usually adjusted so that the button is just above the surface thereof when the gage arm is swung over 1C vi the able.

The button is then moved down by the fine adjusting wheel 39 until it presses gently against the surface of the Work and moves the pointer on the scale, the clamp handle 41 being then turned to clamp the gage tube fast.. If desired the dial on the ga e can then be turned to bring the zero mar opposite the pointer. The arm being then swung back the gage pointer will move toa position Vsomewhatbelow the zero mark. When the machine is in operation and as the work emerges from under the grinding cylinder, the operator without stopping the movement of the table can swing the gage arm over the same and cause the contact button to touch any part of the work thereon. rlhe resultant contact of the ground surfacewith the tip of the button will thereupon lift the latter and move the gage pointer, the position of the pointer with reference to the zero mark on the dial showing the surplus of metal remaining still to be removed. by further grinding. In this manner the operator -is enabled tosecure accurate micrometerv measurements of any piece of workon the work holder at any time during the grinding operation without in the least interfering with the latter.

Referring now to the support for the grinding cylinder, the latter as usual is car. ried in a head 54 mounted to slide upon theV vertical gibbed ways 55 on the column 2, being moved up and down thereon by means of the feed screw 56 and threaded nut 57, the latter carried by the head. The( screw is turned by means of the beveled gears 58 and 59, the latter moved by the hand wheel 60 at the side of the column.

' In order to provide an accurate initial ad- `justment for the axis of the grinding cylinder, I have. provided the column 2 with a three-point support upon the machine base l and have also provided one of the three supports with means for adjusting it with reference to a graduated scale so that the axis of the grinding spindle can be tipped slightly from thev vertical by a known predetermined amount. rThis permits concave grinding toy be performed by a simple adjustment of the grinder support.

Referring more particularly to Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, the base of the column is sustained upon three supports in the form of threaded bushingsvl (see Fig. 3) the three supports being identical except that the parts which constitute the rear support are shorter than the two side supports and are provided with the scale for the purposes of securing the adjustment referred to.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3 which show the rear support, the bushing 61 is threaded into the base of the column 2 and seats upon the lmachine base l. The column may therefore be raised or loweredat that point by turning the bushing in one direction or the of which the central bolt clamps the column firmly in place on the machine ba'se. As shown in Fig. 2, a scale is provided to denote the devlation of the bushing from a point corresponding to a vertical position of the grinder axis. rfhis, for example, may consist of a zero mark on the flange of the head 62 and a graduated scale on the face of the column base to coperate therewith. By this means the operator has only to turn the head to bring the zero mark to a selected portion on the scale when he desires to tip the` axis of the grinder to a certain angle.

Referring nowyto the grinding cylinder and its support, the former is fixed to the spindle 66 (Fig. 5) to which is secured the driving drum 67, which is driven -in any vertically adjusted position of the cylinder by means of the driving belt 68 which passes over the guide pulleys 69 and 70.

Referring more particularly to Fig. 5, l have therein shown the grinding wheel 3 secured to the usual face plate 71, the attachment of the grinding wheel, however, being effected in a novel manner. The grinding wheel or cylinder is herein shown as formed with straight sides being attached to the face plate by means of the retaining ring 72. The latter has a flange 73 which overlies the edge of the wheel and is tapered j with reference thereto so as to provide an angular space which is filled with cementitious material 74, such, for example, as ordinary Portland cement. The end of the grinding wheel is first covered with a thin layer of cement and the wheel then placed in the ring. The cement filling 74 is then inserted and the mass allowed to harden. This secures the wheel to the ring by means of a cementedlock joint which holds the grinding .wheel securely in place. When the wheel is worn out, however, the cement and remnants of the wheel may be chipped out and the ring used again..l Referring now to the bearing for the grinding spindle 66,

' out the tapered bearing as follows: Located within the lining 76 is the oil reservoir 77 which communicates through the passage 7 8 with a groove 7 9 on the inside of the sleeve 75, so that the spindle is constantly exposed at that point to the oil filling the; groove. On the surface of the tapered spindle there is provided the helical oil groove 80, the

' by the tapered formation of the spindle, the

centrifugal action tending to force the oil up the groovel as well as to force it into C ontact with the surface of the surrounding bushing as the spindle revolves. l

To take up the wear between the spindle and the bushing, the latter is threaded into the adjusting member 82, the latter in turn being threaded into the lining 76. The external threads of lthe member 82 are relatively fine and the internal threads'between the member 82 and the bushing relatively coarse so that the bushing being held against turning in the lining by means of the keyv 8 3, it may be adjusted lengthwise the spindle to take up wear by turning the member 82 through any suitable means, as by a wrench.

" The oil chamber 81 is formed in the adjusting member 82 and the surplus oil delivered thereto passes through the oil passage'84 therein and the passages 85 1n the lining `back to the reservoir 77.

In connection with the described grinding machine, I have also provided vnovel means for delivering cooling water to the edge of the grinding wheel, this being accomplished by conveying the water through a fixed part of the bearing to appropriate passages in the face plate and delivering it therefrom by centrifugal action.

Referring again to Fig. 5, the water from the pipe which is shown in dotted lines at 86 enters a water chamber 87 formed in the head 54 and preferably partly encircling the lining 76 so that the Water therein will assist in cooling the bearing. From the chamber 87 the water is allowed to escape through the 4downwardly directed passages 88 in the lining to the annular groove or passage 89 on the upper side of the rotating face plate 71. As the water enters the face plate groove it is thrown radially outward therein and allowed to escape through a series of outwardly and downwardly inclined passages 90 whereupon it strikes the inner face of the grinding Wheel and gravitates down thereon.

It will beunderstood that While for purposes of illustration I have herein shown my invention embodied in the form of a vertical grinding machine, as to certain of its features it may be usefully applied to other types of rinders and to other forms of metal wor ring machine than grinding ma-- chines.

It will also be understood that while such grinding machine is herein shown in its preferred form in detail, that the invention is not limited to the details of construction nor to the relative arrangement of parts, but thatl extensive deviations may be made therefrom without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims:

1. An instrument of the class described y nected thereto, an arm for swinging saidy contact member over the work parallel to the Plane of the support, and a pivotal support for said arm.

2. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a support, and a gage mountedto swing about an4 axis at right angles to the plane of said support, said gage having provision for taking measurements in a direction parallel to its axis.

3. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a work support having a plane surface; a gage, a supporting arm therefor,means for vertically adjusting said gage on said arm, a. contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, a pivotal support for said arm permitting its movement over said work support,rand means for adjusting said pivotal support so that its axis shall be at right angles to said planesurface.

4. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support having a plane surface; a gage, a supporting arm therefor, means for vertically adjusting said gage on said arm, a contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, a pivotal support for said varm permitting its movement over said work support, means forming a central pivotal point for said pivotal support, and means for adjusting said pivotal support upon said pivotal point,y so that the aXis of said pivotal support shall be at right angles to said plane surface. j

5. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support having a plane surface; a gage, a supporting arm therefor, means for vertically adjusting said gage on said arm, a contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, a pivotal support for said arm permitting its movement over said Work support, means forming a central pivotal point for said pivotal support, and a plurality of adjusting devices spaced about said point for adjusting said pivotal support msasei port shall be at right angles to said plane surface.

6. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a supporting arm therefor,a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movement over said Work support, a contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, and means for adjusting said gage and button longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

7. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a supporting arm therefor, a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movement over said Work support, a contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said means for adjusting said gage and button longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

8. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a supporting arm therefor, a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movementl over said Work support,

- a yleldingly mounted contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, and means for adjusting said gage and button longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

9. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a supporting arm therefor, a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movement over said Work support, means permitting adjustment of said arm longitudinally of the axis of said pivotal support, a contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move 'said gage, and means for adjusting said button longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

10. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a supporting arm therefor, a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movement over said Work support, a. contact button carried by said arm and adapted to move said gage, and means permitting adjustment of said gage and button longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

11. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a Work support, a gage, a contact button adapted to actuate said gage, a member on which said gage and button are mounted, a supporting armfor said member, a pivotal support for said arm permitting its movement over said work support, and means for adjusting said member longitudinally of the axis of said arm.

12.v An instrument of. the class described comprising, in combinatlon, a Work support,

a gage, a contact button, a hollow support for said gage and button, means located Within said support for communicating motion from said button to said gage, a supporting arm for said hollow support, a pivotal support for holding said arm and permitting its movement over said Work support, and means for adjusting said hollow support longitudinally of the axis of said supporting arm.

13. An instrument of the class described comprising, in combination, a support, and means for gaging Work on said support comprising a contact member, a gage device connected thereto, an arm for swinging said contact member over the Work parallel to the plane of the support, a pivotal support on which said arm is vertically adjustable, and means to secure said arm in the desired position of adjustment.

14e. ln an instrument of the class described, the combination with a suitable base of a column and a three-point support for said column comprising at each point a member threaded into the column and seated on the base, means for turning said member to raise or lower the column and means for locking said member in its selected position of adjustment and fastening the column firmly to the base at that point.

15. ln an instrument of the class described, the combination with a suitable base of a column and a three-point support therefor comprising at each point a bushing threaded into the column and seated upon said base, means for turning said bushing to raise or lower the column and a locking bolt passing through the bushing for locking the same in its selected position of adjustment and fastening the column firmly to the base at that point.

16.'In an instrument of the class described, the combination'ivith a suitable base, a member rotatable about an upright axis, a supporting column therefor, and a three-point support for said column comprising at each point a member threaded into said column and seated upon said base, and means for locking said member in its selected position of adjustment, and fastening the column firmly to the base at that point.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY K. SPENCER.

Witnesses E. E. SPRY, FREDERICK L. EMERY. 

